You have full access to this open access article. This article explores the public discussion in the media where a group of religious activists who call themselves rainbow pastors are constructed as a legitimate actor in terms of the same-sex marriage debate within the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland ELCF. Same-sex marriage was legalized in Finland in March However, it is not officially approved within the ELCF, which causes polarization. This study draws on a neo-institutionalist framework of epistemic governance to identify the discursive representations and justifications presented in the media. The activists aimed to convince the church decision-makers and general public of the need for institutional change regarding the religious understanding of marriage while the media pushed its own agenda. The data for this study consist of news articles in which the issue of the ELCF and same-sex marriage was discussed. Four discursive representations were identified: contesting the authority of the ELCF, creating heroic narratives, drawing on common moral principles, and normalizing same-sex marriage. The findings show that the debate also turned into a battle over authority, in which the rainbow pastors challenged the official power structures of the ELCF. He was referring to a group of pastors of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland ELCFwho were campaigning in support of the legalization. The group of pastors Niikko referred to, started the campaign to support the initiative and to improve the public image of the ELCF concerning attitudes toward sexual diversity. Authority of an actor can be supported by presenting them as powerful Alasuutari Both the political and religious climate were extremely polarized when same-sex marriage was discussed in the Finnish Parliament. The pastors of the ELCF have the right to officiate marriages with full civil law effects which made the church involved and an influential actor finnish escort girls the public discussion. Finally, the law allowing same-sex marriages came into force in Finland in March Previously, from toFinland had recognized only registered partnerships for same-sex couples. Today, around seven years later, the ELCF still does not officially allow church weddings for same-sex couples, and same-sex marriage remains controversial. The discussions concerning same-sex marriage and overall attitudes toward finnish escort girls people within the context of Finland and the ELCF are well-researched topics, for example, finnish escort girls and misrecognition of same-sex couples Hellqvist and Vähäkangasattitudes of the clergy Kallatsachanges in values and norms challenging the church Ketola and Helanderreactions within the ELCF and the Orthodox Church of Finland to same-sex marriage legislation Metso and Kallatsaand the changing relation between sexual and gender minorities and finnish escort girls Nynäs et al. However, non-heteronormative actors have not been addressed as agents of change so far. Instead, people with non-heteronormative sexual identifications are often referred to as sexual minorities Lahti et al. In this article the concept is only used when referring to other studies where sexual minorities are a central concept. This study aims to detach from minority rhetoric which contributes to marginalization of sexual diversity and refers to heterosexual people as majority and heterosexuality as a norm. Sexual orientation and gender identities are not clearcut and it is problematic to finnish escort girls people to certain groups and find an inclusive concept when these themes are discussed. Heteronormativity refers to practices, action, and discourses that contribute to maintaining the conception of heterosexuality as natural Rossi Here, the concept of non-heteronormativity is used to refer to people with gay, lesbian, bi, pan, or other marginalized sexual identifications. Compared to previous research, this study provides new insight into the role of the media in the process of legitimation of a group of rainbow activists within the ELCF. When same-sex marriage is debated at the legislative level as well as within churches and religious communities, both media and religious agents play their part in the process. Media representations are crucial in the construction of credible and powerful actors. Along with media professionals, social actors are engaged in the process and use the central role of mass media to achieve their goals. In this study, the important role of grass-roots activism is acknowledged in the process of social change. Mass media can be said to set the agenda for political actors by offering visibility and publicity that can be utilized as resources but can also constrain them Adut Setting the agenda refers to the power of the media when it determines from what is said to what is important enough to be published McCombs and Shaw The role of the media in constructing a legitimate actor in the field of political activism must be considered. As Guha states, activism hence needs the support of the media to get more people involved, as it shapes the agenda for public discussion. The data for this study consist of selected Finnish news articles from toin which the question of same-sex marriage and the ELCF were discussed. The articles included in the data were published online in both national and local, secular and church-oriented newspapers and news media to obtain a wide perspective on the discussion. The following questions guided this study: What kinds of discursive representations of the rainbow pastors are presented in the media and what type of justifications are used in the media that contribute to legitimization of the group of rainbow pastors as an influential and powerful actor? The article is structured as follows. Next, the problematic stance of the ELCF towards its members with non-heteronormative sexual orientation is sketched, followed by the discussion of the empirical methods and the results of the media analysis. The paper concludes with a discussion of the meaning of the findings for the church and Finnish society. The findings of this study show that the debate not only concerns equal rights for same-sex couples, but it is also about the question, who holds the power within the church.
The two church-related newspapers, Kotimaa and Kirkko ja kaupunki, were selected for the study because their distribution is the highest within church media when print and digital versions as well as readers of their website are included. Mexican Saria Has Some Phone Sex Only Cougars. Kath Browne, Sally R. In The quiet hand of god. This study aims to detach from minority rhetoric which contributes to marginalization of sexual diversity and refers to heterosexual people as majority and heterosexuality as a norm.
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